{"id":80037,"date":"2022-04-22T11:53:04","date_gmt":"2022-04-22T11:53:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/"},"modified":"2022-04-22T11:53:04","modified_gmt":"2022-04-22T11:53:04","slug":"what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/","title":{"rendered":"What is the difference between Purina Equine Senior and senior active?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_17 counter-hierarchy counter-decimal ez-toc-grey\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><i class=\"ez-toc-glyphicon ez-toc-icon-toggle\"><\/i><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class=\"ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1\"><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#What_is_the_difference_between_Purina_Equine_Senior_and_senior_active\" title=\"What is the difference between Purina Equine Senior and senior active?\">What is the difference between Purina Equine Senior and senior active?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#What_should_I_feed_my_senior_horse\" title=\"What should I feed my senior horse?\">What should I feed my senior horse?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#How_much_Purina_Equine_should_I_feed_my_senior\" title=\"How much Purina Equine should I feed my senior?\">How much Purina Equine should I feed my senior?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#Is_senior_feed_good_for_horses\" title=\"Is senior feed good for horses?\">Is senior feed good for horses?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#How_much_equine_senior_should_I_feed_my_horse\" title=\"How much equine senior should I feed my horse?\">How much equine senior should I feed my horse?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#What_age_should_I_feed_my_horse_senior\" title=\"What age should I feed my horse senior?\">What age should I feed my horse senior?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#What_is_the_NSC_of_Purina_Equine_Senior\" title=\"What is the NSC of Purina Equine Senior?\">What is the NSC of Purina Equine Senior?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#Does_Purina_Senior_have_Outlast_in_it\" title=\"Does Purina Senior have Outlast in it?\">Does Purina Senior have Outlast in it?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#What_age_is_considered_a_senior_horse\" title=\"What age is considered a senior horse?\">What age is considered a senior horse?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#What_should_I_feed_my_10_year_old_horse\" title=\"What should I feed my 10 year old horse?\">What should I feed my 10 year old horse?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#How_much_should_a_senior_horse_eat\" title=\"How much should a senior horse eat?\">How much should a senior horse eat?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#Do_older_horses_need_more_protein\" title=\"Do older horses need more protein?\">Do older horses need more protein?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#How_much_should_I_feed_my_senior_horse\" title=\"How much should I feed my senior horse?\">How much should I feed my senior horse?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#What_is_the_difference_between_Purina_Equine_Senior_and_Purina_equine_senior_active\" title=\"What is the difference between Purina Equine Senior and Purina equine senior active?\">What is the difference between Purina Equine Senior and Purina equine senior active?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#How_much_should_I_feed_my_horse_calculator\" title=\"How much should I feed my horse calculator?\">How much should I feed my horse calculator?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#When_should_I_put_my_horse_on_Senior_feed\" title=\"When should I put my horse on Senior feed?\">When should I put my horse on Senior feed?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#Can_all_horses_eat_senior_feed\" title=\"Can all horses eat senior feed?\">Can all horses eat senior feed?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#What_is_a_senior_horse_feed\" title=\"What is a senior horse feed?\">What is a senior horse feed?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#How_much_senior_feed_should_I_give_my_horse\" title=\"How much senior feed should I give my horse?\">How much senior feed should I give my horse?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#How_much_grain_should_a_senior_horse_eat_per_day\" title=\"How much grain should a senior horse eat per day?\">How much grain should a senior horse eat per day?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#When_should_you_feed_your_senior_feed\" title=\"When should you feed your senior feed?\">When should you feed your senior feed?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#What_should_I_feed_my_14_year_old_horse\" title=\"What should I feed my 14 year old horse?\">What should I feed my 14 year old horse?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#What_age_is_senior_for_horses\" title=\"What age is senior for horses?\">What age is senior for horses?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#What_is_the_NSC_in_Purina_Strategy\" title=\"What is the NSC in Purina Strategy?\">What is the NSC in Purina Strategy?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-purina-equine-senior-and-senior-active\/#How_do_I_find_the_NSC_for_my_horse\" title=\"How do I find the NSC for my horse?\">How do I find the NSC for my horse?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_difference_between_Purina_Equine_Senior_and_senior_active\"><\/span>What is the difference between Purina Equine Senior and senior active?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Because of this, <b>Equine Senior is lower in calories and contains forage, whereas Equine Senior Active has higher calories and is meant to be fed with hay. Equine Senior Active feed contains higher levels of lysine, fat, calcium, phosphorous, copper, selenium, and zinc to support working senior horses.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_should_I_feed_my_senior_horse\"><\/span>What should I feed my senior horse?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Good quality grass hay and corn or a complete pelleted ration for mature (not aged) horses are the feeds of choice. Avoid legumes (alfalfa and clover), wheat bran and beet pulp due to high calcium (legumes, beet pulp) or phosphorus (wheat bran) content.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_much_Purina_Equine_should_I_feed_my_senior\"><\/span>How much Purina Equine should I feed my senior?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>**<b>Do not feed less than 0.6 lbs per 100 lbs of body weight per day. EXAMPLE: A 1,000 lb horse has ten 100 lb increments (1,000 divided by 100  10). So for this horse, do not feed less than 6 lbs per day (10 x 0.6  6.0 lbs per day).<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_senior_feed_good_for_horses\"><\/span>Is senior feed good for horses?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Since most senior feeds have fewer carbohydrates and more fiber, <b>they may benefit younger horses that have a nervous condition, or those that are too thin and have trouble maintaining their weight, such as our Scarlet. Your vet or nutritionist may also recommend senior feed if your younger horse has digestive issues.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_much_equine_senior_should_I_feed_my_horse\"><\/span>How much equine senior should I feed my horse?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>**<b>Do not feed less than 0.6 lbs per 100 lbs of body weight per day. EXAMPLE: A 1,000 lb horse has ten 100 lb increments (1,000 divided by 100  10). So for this horse, do not feed less than 6 lbs per day (10 x 0.6  6.0 lbs per day).<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_age_should_I_feed_my_horse_senior\"><\/span>What age should I feed my horse senior?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>15<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_NSC_of_Purina_Equine_Senior\"><\/span>What is the NSC of Purina Equine Senior?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>19%<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Does_Purina_Senior_have_Outlast_in_it\"><\/span>Does Purina Senior have Outlast in it?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>A 6 lb meal of Equine Seniorxae Horse Feed supplies a full serving of Outlastxae Supplement.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_age_is_considered_a_senior_horse\"><\/span>What age is considered a senior horse?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>15+ years of age<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_should_I_feed_my_10_year_old_horse\"><\/span>What should I feed my 10 year old horse?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The bottom line is that your horse needs good quality hay or pasture, a 10 to 12 percent protein concentrate feed in amounts necessary to maintain good body condition (usually no more than 4 or 5 pounds per day, divided into two feedings), salt and water.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_much_should_a_senior_horse_eat\"><\/span>How much should a senior horse eat?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Senior horses can be categorized two ways  those that can eat hay and those that can&#8217;t. Because most senior feeds on the market today can be fed as a sole ration (ie <b>16-18 lbs.<\/b><b>per day to a 1,200 lb.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_older_horses_need_more_protein\"><\/span>Do older horses need more protein?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Do older horses need protein? <b>Adult horses need protein only for repair and maintenance of body tissues, so their total requirement is fairly low. Many mature horses get all the protein they need (about 10% of the diet, on average) from grass or hay.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_much_should_I_feed_my_senior_horse\"><\/span>How much should I feed my senior horse?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A typical ration for a 1000 lb horse might consist of free access to top quality hay, preferably a straight grass or grass\/alfalfa mix or pasture, plus <b>2 to 8 lbs of a feed designed for old horses, plus free choice water and salt.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_difference_between_Purina_Equine_Senior_and_Purina_equine_senior_active\"><\/span>What is the difference between Purina Equine Senior and Purina equine senior active?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Because of this, <b>Equine Senior is lower in calories and contains forage, whereas Equine Senior Active has higher calories and is meant to be fed with hay. Equine Senior Active feed contains higher levels of lysine, fat, calcium, phosphorous, copper, selenium, and zinc to support working senior horses.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_much_should_I_feed_my_horse_calculator\"><\/span>How much should I feed my horse calculator?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Horses should consume about <b>1.5 &#8211; 2.5% of their bodyweight per day according to their condition and workload, so to find out how much you need to feed your horse the first step is to calculate your horse&#8217;s bodyweight. There are a number of ways in which you can do this including using a weigh tape or a horse weigher.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_should_I_put_my_horse_on_Senior_feed\"><\/span>When should I put my horse on Senior feed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>By age definition senior horse has been defined as <b>15+ years of age. Due to improvements in veterinary care and nutrition, horse routinely live 25-30 years of age, some into their 40&#8217;s.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_all_horses_eat_senior_feed\"><\/span>Can all horses eat senior feed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Not all horses are healthy enough for their livers to synthesize Vitamin C, so <b>a senior formula might be right for them. If your horse takes vaccines and travels with you a lot, this extra dose of antioxidants may be recommended.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_senior_horse_feed\"><\/span>What is a senior horse feed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>**<b>Do not feed less than 0.6 lbs per 100 lbs of body weight per day. EXAMPLE: A 1,000 lb horse has ten 100 lb increments (1,000 divided by 100  10). So for this horse, do not feed less than 6 lbs per day (10 x 0.6  6.0 lbs per day).<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_much_senior_feed_should_I_give_my_horse\"><\/span>How much senior feed should I give my horse?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A typical ration for a 1000 lb horse might consist of free access to top quality hay, preferably a straight grass or grass\/alfalfa mix or pasture, plus <b>2 to 8 lbs of a feed designed for old horses, plus free choice water and salt.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_much_grain_should_a_senior_horse_eat_per_day\"><\/span>How much grain should a senior horse eat per day?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Senior horses can be categorized two ways  those that can eat hay and those that can&#8217;t. Because most senior feeds on the market today can be fed as a sole ration (ie <b>16-18 lbs.<\/b><b>per day to a 1,200 lb.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_should_you_feed_your_senior_feed\"><\/span>When should you feed your senior feed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>15<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_should_I_feed_my_14_year_old_horse\"><\/span>What should I feed my 14 year old horse?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>A grain based concentrate formulated for the aged horse with 12-14% CP and 4 to 7% fat should be fed at 0.5-1.0% of BW. Starch and sugar should be minimized if the horse is prone to laminitis or has PPID. Forage based pellets or cubes can be used to replace 10-50% of the long stem\/chopped forages.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_age_is_senior_for_horses\"><\/span>What age is senior for horses?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Not all horses are healthy enough for their livers to synthesize Vitamin C, so <b>a senior formula might be right for them. If your horse takes vaccines and travels with you a lot, this extra dose of antioxidants may be recommended.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_NSC_in_Purina_Strategy\"><\/span>What is the NSC in Purina Strategy?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Non-structural carbohydrates, or NSC, are the simple sugars and starches present in horse feed ingredients. Simple sugars (such as glucose and fructose) and starches (simple sugars that are attached together as a chain) are readily digested and absorbed in the small intestine.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_I_find_the_NSC_for_my_horse\"><\/span>How do I find the NSC for my horse?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Horse owners can calculate the NSC rate in a commercial horse feed by <b>adding the percentage of sugar and starches listed in the guaranteed analysis on the feed bag. For horses with metabolic conditions, safe NSC percentages are generally 12% or lower, nutritionists say.<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents What is the difference between Purina Equine Senior and senior active?What should I feed my senior horse?How much Purina Equine should I feed my senior?Is senior feed good for horses?How much equine senior should I feed my horse?What age should I feed my horse senior?What is the NSC of Purina Equine Senior?Does&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"spay_email":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80037"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80037"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80037\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80037"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80037"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80037"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}