{"id":20258,"date":"2022-03-25T11:08:40","date_gmt":"2022-03-25T11:08:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/"},"modified":"2022-03-25T11:08:41","modified_gmt":"2022-03-25T11:08:41","slug":"what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/","title":{"rendered":"What peanut butter is bad for dogs?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_17 counter-hierarchy counter-decimal ez-toc-grey\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><i class=\"ez-toc-glyphicon ez-toc-icon-toggle\"><\/i><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class=\"ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1\"><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#What_peanut_butter_is_bad_for_dogs\" title=\"What peanut butter is bad for dogs?\">What peanut butter is bad for dogs?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#What_peanut_butter_contains_xylitol\" title=\"What peanut butter contains xylitol?\">What peanut butter contains xylitol?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#Can_I_give_my_dog_peanut_butter_everyday\" title=\"Can I give my dog peanut butter everyday?\">Can I give my dog peanut butter everyday?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#What_happens_if_a_dog_licks_peanut_butter\" title=\"What happens if a dog licks peanut butter?\">What happens if a dog licks peanut butter?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#Which_peanut_butter_contains_xylitol\" title=\"Which peanut butter contains xylitol?\">Which peanut butter contains xylitol?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#Is_xylitol_in_Jif_peanut_butter\" title=\"Is xylitol in Jif peanut butter?\">Is xylitol in Jif peanut butter?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#What_type_of_peanut_butter_can_dogs_eat\" title=\"What type of peanut butter can dogs eat?\">What type of peanut butter can dogs eat?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#What_peanut_butter_doesnt_have_xylitol\" title=\"What peanut butter doesn&#8217;t have xylitol?\">What peanut butter doesn&#8217;t have xylitol?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#Does_all_peanut_butter_contain_xylitol\" title=\"Does all peanut butter contain xylitol?\">Does all peanut butter contain xylitol?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#Does_Skippy_peanut_butter_contain_xylitol\" title=\"Does Skippy peanut butter contain xylitol?\">Does Skippy peanut butter contain xylitol?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#How_do_I_know_if_my_peanut_butter_has_xylitol\" title=\"How do I know if my peanut butter has xylitol?\">How do I know if my peanut butter has xylitol?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#How_often_can_dogs_eat_peanut_butter\" title=\"How often can dogs eat peanut butter?\">How often can dogs eat peanut butter?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#Can_too_much_peanut_butter_hurt_a_dog\" title=\"Can too much peanut butter hurt a dog?\">Can too much peanut butter hurt a dog?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#How_bad_is_peanut_butter_for_dogs\" title=\"How bad is peanut butter for dogs?\">How bad is peanut butter for dogs?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#How_does_peanut_butter_help_dogs\" title=\"How does peanut butter help dogs?\">How does peanut butter help dogs?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#Why_do_dogs_like_licking_peanut_butter\" title=\"Why do dogs like licking peanut butter?\">Why do dogs like licking peanut butter?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#Will_peanut_butter_hurt_my_dog\" title=\"Will peanut butter hurt my dog?\">Will peanut butter hurt my dog?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#Can_I_give_my_dog_peanut_butter_on_a_spoon\" title=\"Can I give my dog peanut butter on a spoon?\">Can I give my dog peanut butter on a spoon?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#How_much_peanut_butter_is_safe_for_dogs\" title=\"How much peanut butter is safe for dogs?\">How much peanut butter is safe for dogs?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#Does_Jif_peanut_butter_contain_xylitol\" title=\"Does Jif peanut butter contain xylitol?\">Does Jif peanut butter contain xylitol?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#How_do_I_know_if_peanut_butter_has_xylitol\" title=\"How do I know if peanut butter has xylitol?\">How do I know if peanut butter has xylitol?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#Is_Jif_peanut_butter_safe_for_dogs\" title=\"Is Jif peanut butter safe for dogs?\">Is Jif peanut butter safe for dogs?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#Which_peanut_butters_contain_xylitol\" title=\"Which peanut butters contain xylitol?\">Which peanut butters contain xylitol?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#What_brands_of_peanut_butter_can_dogs_eat\" title=\"What brands of peanut butter can dogs eat?\">What brands of peanut butter can dogs eat?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-peanut-butter-is-bad-for-dogs\/#What_peanut_butter_has_xylitol_in_it\" title=\"What peanut butter has xylitol in it?\">What peanut butter has xylitol in it?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_peanut_butter_is_bad_for_dogs\"><\/span>What peanut butter is bad for dogs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Xylitol<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_peanut_butter_contains_xylitol\"><\/span>What peanut butter contains xylitol?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There are currently five peanut butter brands that use xylitol: <b>Go Nuts Co., Krush Nutrition, Nuts &#8216;N More, P28 Foods, and Protein Plus PB<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_I_give_my_dog_peanut_butter_everyday\"><\/span>Can I give my dog peanut butter everyday?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Feed tiny dogs no more than a half teaspoon, small dogs no more than a teaspoon, and larger dogs no more than one tablespoon of peanut butter in a day (this doesn&#8217;t mean every dayagain keep to an occasional treat). You can feed nut butters as-is or incorporated into recipes for homemade dog treats.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_happens_if_a_dog_licks_peanut_butter\"><\/span>What happens if a dog licks peanut butter?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Dogs can eat  and many really enjoy  peanut butter. But beware, <b>some peanut butter brands contain an ingredient called xylitol, which is toxic to dogs and even eating small amounts can be fatal. Xylitol is an artificial sweetener that is often used in foods to keep the product sugar-free.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_peanut_butter_contains_xylitol\"><\/span>Which peanut butter contains xylitol?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There are currently five peanut butter brands that use xylitol: <b>Go Nuts Co., Krush Nutrition, Nuts &#8216;N More, P28 Foods, and Protein Plus PB<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_xylitol_in_Jif_peanut_butter\"><\/span>Is xylitol in Jif peanut butter?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Jifxae peanut butter products <b>do not contain the ingredient xylitol. We suggest speaking with your veterinarian for the best feeding advice specific to your dog.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_type_of_peanut_butter_can_dogs_eat\"><\/span>What type of peanut butter can dogs eat?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Generally speaking, <b>any peanut butter that doesn&#8217;t contain xylitol (or chocolate) should be fine for a dog. It can be a good source of protein and healthy fat for your dog  in moderation, of course.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_peanut_butter_doesnt_have_xylitol\"><\/span>What peanut butter doesn&#8217;t have xylitol?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The most popular brands of peanut butter, such as <b>Jif, Skippy, Smuckers and Peter Pan are all xylitol-free.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Does_all_peanut_butter_contain_xylitol\"><\/span>Does all peanut butter contain xylitol?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Jifxae peanut butter products <b>do not contain the ingredient xylitol. We suggest speaking with your veterinarian for the best feeding advice specific to your dog.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Does_Skippy_peanut_butter_contain_xylitol\"><\/span>Does Skippy peanut butter contain xylitol?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Researchers have found that <b>most peanut butter brands do not usually contain Xylitol, but the brands that where identified should be on your radar to avoid feeding your dog such products.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_I_know_if_my_peanut_butter_has_xylitol\"><\/span>How do I know if my peanut butter has xylitol?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Answer: The Skippy Natural Creamy Peanut Butter Spread with Honey <b>does not contain any xylitol. In fact, none of the Skippy products use xylitol.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_often_can_dogs_eat_peanut_butter\"><\/span>How often can dogs eat peanut butter?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>If it&#8217;s your dog&#8217;s first time eating peanut butter, giving him small amounts (about a half teaspoon twice a day for a small dog) can help ensure that there won&#8217;t be any adverse reactions. <b>Medium or large dogs can be given a teaspoon of peanut butter twice a day, max.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_too_much_peanut_butter_hurt_a_dog\"><\/span>Can too much peanut butter hurt a dog?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>When you do find a dog-suitable peanut butter, it can be a wonderful source of protein and healthy fat for your dog. However, <b>too much peanut butter can result in pancreatitis and obesity<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_bad_is_peanut_butter_for_dogs\"><\/span>How bad is peanut butter for dogs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The good news is that <b>regular peanut butter is safe to give your dog as a treat. Just make sure to avoid peanut butter with Xylitol, a sugar substitute found in lower or sugar-free products. Xylitol is the only ingredient in peanut butter that&#8217;s bad for dogs.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_does_peanut_butter_help_dogs\"><\/span>How does peanut butter help dogs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Peanut butter is a nutritionally well-rounded dog treat, <b>providing nutrients and fiber as well as protein and healthy fats. It&#8217;s also a good source of folic acid for cell growth and magnesium to assist cells metabolize B complex vitamins.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_do_dogs_like_licking_peanut_butter\"><\/span>Why do dogs like licking peanut butter?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Peanut butter is full of fat, and <b>dogs seem to love the flavor fat as much as humans do, since they do have fat-specific taste buds. However, these taste buds seem to only apply to fats that come from meats, not from legumes (peanuts) or vegetables.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Will_peanut_butter_hurt_my_dog\"><\/span>Will peanut butter hurt my dog?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The good news is that <b>regular peanut butter is safe to give your dog as a treat. Just make sure to avoid peanut butter with Xylitol, a sugar substitute found in lower or sugar-free products. Xylitol is the only ingredient in peanut butter that&#8217;s bad for dogs.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_I_give_my_dog_peanut_butter_on_a_spoon\"><\/span>Can I give my dog peanut butter on a spoon?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Peanut Butter, Yes. <b>Using a spoon may not be a good idea. According to PetMD, one veterinarian reported a story of an owner who was spoon-feeding peanut butter to her Alaskan Malamute, and the dog was so excited about the creamy treat that it accidentally gulped down the entire spoon.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_much_peanut_butter_is_safe_for_dogs\"><\/span>How much peanut butter is safe for dogs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Generally speaking, <b>small dogs should get no more than about 1\/2 tablespoon of peanut butter per day and larger dogs should get no more than about 1 tablespoon.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Does_Jif_peanut_butter_contain_xylitol\"><\/span>Does Jif peanut butter contain xylitol?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Researchers have found that <b>most peanut butter brands do not usually contain Xylitol, but the brands that where identified should be on your radar to avoid feeding your dog such products.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_I_know_if_peanut_butter_has_xylitol\"><\/span>How do I know if peanut butter has xylitol?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Jifxae peanut butter products <b>do not contain the ingredient xylitol. We suggest speaking with your veterinarian for the best feeding advice specific to your dog.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_Jif_peanut_butter_safe_for_dogs\"><\/span>Is Jif peanut butter safe for dogs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>JIF. <b>There is no xylitol in any JIF peanut butter products making them safe for your pup. However, they do contain added salt, so they aren&#8217;t the best peanut butters for regular snacking. If you&#8217;re in a pinch, look for the JIF Natural series, which has a reduced amount of sugar and salt added.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_peanut_butters_contain_xylitol\"><\/span>Which peanut butters contain xylitol?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There are currently five peanut butter brands that use xylitol: <b>Go Nuts Co., Krush Nutrition, Nuts &#8216;N More, P28 Foods, and Protein Plus PB<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_brands_of_peanut_butter_can_dogs_eat\"><\/span>What brands of peanut butter can dogs eat?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>4 Great Dog Safe Peanut Butters<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Green Coast Pet Pawnut Butter.<\/li>\n<li>KONG Real Peanut Butter Tube.<\/li>\n<li>Poochie Peanut Butter.<\/li>\n<li>Hyper Pet IQ Peanut Butter.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_peanut_butter_has_xylitol_in_it\"><\/span>What peanut butter has xylitol in it?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There are currently five peanut butter brands that use xylitol: <b>Go Nuts Co., Krush Nutrition, Nuts &#8216;N More, P28 Foods, and Protein Plus PB<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents What peanut butter is bad for dogs?What peanut butter contains xylitol?Can I give my dog peanut butter everyday?What happens if a dog licks peanut butter?Which peanut butter contains xylitol?Is xylitol in Jif peanut butter?What type of peanut butter can dogs eat?What peanut butter doesn&#8217;t have xylitol?Does all peanut butter contain xylitol?Does Skippy&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"spay_email":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20258"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20258"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20258\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20258"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20258"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20258"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}