{"id":187093,"date":"2022-07-18T11:11:04","date_gmt":"2022-07-18T11:11:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/"},"modified":"2022-07-18T11:11:04","modified_gmt":"2022-07-18T11:11:04","slug":"what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/","title":{"rendered":"What are the worst puppy teething months?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_17 counter-hierarchy counter-decimal ez-toc-grey\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><i class=\"ez-toc-glyphicon ez-toc-icon-toggle\"><\/i><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class=\"ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1\"><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#What_are_the_worst_puppy_teething_months\" title=\"What are the worst puppy teething months?\">What are the worst puppy teething months?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#What_are_the_stages_of_puppy_teething\" title=\"What are the stages of puppy teething?\">What are the stages of puppy teething?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#What_month_do_puppies_teeth_the_most\" title=\"What month do puppies teeth the most?\">What month do puppies teeth the most?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#How_long_does_a_puppy_go_through_teething\" title=\"How long does a puppy go through teething?\">How long does a puppy go through teething?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#How_long_does_the_teething_stage_last_for_puppies\" title=\"How long does the teething stage last for puppies?\">How long does the teething stage last for puppies?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#Do_puppies_misbehave_when_teething\" title=\"Do puppies misbehave when teething?\">Do puppies misbehave when teething?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#What_age_is_a_puppy_most_destructive\" title=\"What age is a puppy most destructive?\">What age is a puppy most destructive?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#How_long_does_the_puppy_teething_stage_last\" title=\"How long does the puppy teething stage last?\">How long does the puppy teething stage last?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#What_months_are_puppies_teething\" title=\"What months are puppies teething?\">What months are puppies teething?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#How_long_does_the_biting_stage_last_for_puppies\" title=\"How long does the biting stage last for puppies?\">How long does the biting stage last for puppies?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#Are_puppies_teething_at_3_months\" title=\"Are puppies teething at 3 months?\">Are puppies teething at 3 months?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#How_long_do_puppy_teething_symptoms_last\" title=\"How long do puppy teething symptoms last?\">How long do puppy teething symptoms last?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#How_do_you_soothe_a_teething_puppy\" title=\"How do you soothe a teething puppy?\">How do you soothe a teething puppy?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#How_long_does_it_take_for_puppy_teeth_to_come_through\" title=\"How long does it take for puppy teeth to come through?\">How long does it take for puppy teeth to come through?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#How_long_does_the_puppy_chewing_stage_last\" title=\"How long does the puppy chewing stage last?\">How long does the puppy chewing stage last?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#How_can_I_help_my_puppy_with_teething\" title=\"How can I help my puppy with teething?\">How can I help my puppy with teething?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#How_do_I_know_if_my_puppy_is_still_teething\" title=\"How do I know if my puppy is still teething?\">How do I know if my puppy is still teething?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#Do_puppies_go_crazy_when_teething\" title=\"Do puppies go crazy when teething?\">Do puppies go crazy when teething?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#What_are_the_symptoms_of_teething_in_puppies\" title=\"What are the symptoms of teething in puppies?\">What are the symptoms of teething in puppies?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#How_do_you_discipline_a_teething_puppy\" title=\"How do you discipline a teething puppy?\">How do you discipline a teething puppy?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#At_what_age_are_puppies_the_naughtiest\" title=\"At what age are puppies the naughtiest?\">At what age are puppies the naughtiest?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#What_age_do_dogs_become_less_destructive\" title=\"What age do dogs become less destructive?\">What age do dogs become less destructive?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#At_what_age_do_puppies_become_defiant\" title=\"At what age do puppies become defiant?\">At what age do puppies become defiant?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#How_long_will_my_puppy_be_teething\" title=\"How long will my puppy be teething?\">How long will my puppy be teething?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-are-the-worst-puppy-teething-months\/#How_do_I_know_when_my_puppy_is_teething\" title=\"How do I know when my puppy is teething?\">How do I know when my puppy is teething?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_worst_puppy_teething_months\"><\/span>What are the worst puppy teething months?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>When a puppy is about <b>3-to-4-months-old, puppy teeth begin to fall out to make room for 42 adult teeth. (That&#8217;s about 10 more teeth than people have.) This process can be awfully painful for your pup  his gums will be sore.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_stages_of_puppy_teething\"><\/span>What are the stages of puppy teething?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Puppy Teeth Stages.Puppy&#8217;s AgeSecondary Teeth12-20 weeksIncisors erupt12-16 weeksCanines erupt16-24 weeksPremolars erupt20-28 weeksMolars eruptDec 4, 2020<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_month_do_puppies_teeth_the_most\"><\/span>What month do puppies teeth the most?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Puppies begin teething at around 3 weeks, and by <b>approximately 6 weeks, all of their deciduous teeth will have erupted. The incisors (at the front of the mouth) and the canine teeth (the fangs) erupt first, followed by the premolars. Dogs do not have any baby molars.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_long_does_a_puppy_go_through_teething\"><\/span>How long does a puppy go through teething?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>How Long Do Puppies Teethe? Teething is a months-long process. It starts when puppies are around 2 weeks old and their first baby teeth start to come in and usually ends at <b>around 8 months of age, when all the adult teeth are fully erupted.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_long_does_the_teething_stage_last_for_puppies\"><\/span>How long does the teething stage last for puppies?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Puppies begin teething at around 3 weeks, and by <b>approximately 6 weeks, all of their deciduous teeth will have erupted. The incisors (at the front of the mouth) and the canine teeth (the fangs) erupt first, followed by the premolars. Dogs do not have any baby molars.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_puppies_misbehave_when_teething\"><\/span>Do puppies misbehave when teething?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>How Long Do Puppies Teethe? Teething is a months-long process. It starts when puppies are around 2 weeks old and their first baby teeth start to come in and usually ends at around <b>8 months of age, when all the adult teeth are fully erupted.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_age_is_a_puppy_most_destructive\"><\/span>What age is a puppy most destructive?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Additionally, <b>puppies who are teething tend to whine while chewing on toys and while eating as well. This is also due to their sensitive teeth and gums at this time. As long as the whining isn&#8217;t excessive and your puppy doesn&#8217;t seem to be in severe pain, this is still within the realm of normal teething behavior.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_long_does_the_puppy_teething_stage_last\"><\/span>How long does the puppy teething stage last?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>six months<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_months_are_puppies_teething\"><\/span>What months are puppies teething?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>When a puppy is about <b>3-to-4-months-old, puppy teeth begin to fall out to make room for 42 adult teeth. (That&#8217;s about 10 more teeth than people have.) This process can be awfully painful for your pup  his gums will be sore.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_long_does_the_biting_stage_last_for_puppies\"><\/span>How long does the biting stage last for puppies?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Puppies begin teething at <b>around 3 weeks, and by approximately 6 weeks, all of their deciduous teeth will have erupted. The incisors (at the front of the mouth) and the canine teeth (the fangs) erupt first, followed by the premolars. Dogs do not have any baby molars.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Are_puppies_teething_at_3_months\"><\/span>Are puppies teething at 3 months?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The most important thing to remember is that for the vast majority of puppies, mouthing or play biting is a phase that they will typically grow out of once they reach <b>between three and five months of age.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_long_do_puppy_teething_symptoms_last\"><\/span>How long do puppy teething symptoms last?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>How long puppy teething lasts depends on your particular puppy. Expect puppy teething to last <b>until your pup is 6 to 8 months. Some dogs  especially small and brachycephalic breeds  might need help from a vet, if their baby teeth are resistant to falling out.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_you_soothe_a_teething_puppy\"><\/span>How do you soothe a teething puppy?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Puppy Teeth Stages.Puppy&#8217;s AgeSecondary Teeth12-20 weeksIncisors erupt12-16 weeksCanines erupt16-24 weeksPremolars erupt20-28 weeksMolars eruptDec 4, 2020<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_long_does_it_take_for_puppy_teeth_to_come_through\"><\/span>How long does it take for puppy teeth to come through?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>To cover all the bases, we recommend <b>something hard, something soft and something edible, like a chew stick or bone. Having different shapes and textures can do the trick. Even ice cubes can provide wonderful relief for your teething puppy. You might also want to include a tug-of-war toy.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_long_does_the_puppy_chewing_stage_last\"><\/span>How long does the puppy chewing stage last?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Puppy Teething The desire to investigate interesting objects and the discomfort of teething motivate puppies to chew. Much like human infants, puppies go through a stage when they lose their baby teeth and experience pain as their adult teeth come in. This intensified chewing phase <b>usually ends by six months of age<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_can_I_help_my_puppy_with_teething\"><\/span>How can I help my puppy with teething?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>To cover all the bases, we recommend <b>something hard, something soft and something edible, like a chew stick or bone. Having different shapes and textures can do the trick. Even ice cubes can provide wonderful relief for your teething puppy. You might also want to include a tug-of-war toy.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_I_know_if_my_puppy_is_still_teething\"><\/span>How do I know if my puppy is still teething?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Expect to see your dog chewing more frequently as teething discomfort becomes more evident; this is one of the telltale signs of teething. Eventually, your pup&#8217;s 42 adult teeth will start coming in when they are six to eight months old.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_puppies_go_crazy_when_teething\"><\/span>Do puppies go crazy when teething?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Also just like in humans, teething is an uncomfortable experience, and <b>your dog may act a little strange. Your dog will be done teething before he&#8217;s a year old, though, so his behavior won&#8217;t necessarily stand out from typical puppy curiosity.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_symptoms_of_teething_in_puppies\"><\/span>What are the symptoms of teething in puppies?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Signs your puppy is teething<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Red, inflamed gums.<\/li>\n<li>Drooling and offensive breath.<\/li>\n<li>Increased chewing behaviour  chewing is the most obvious sign that your puppy is teething and you can help them by providing them with safe toys and discouraging biting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_you_discipline_a_teething_puppy\"><\/span>How do you discipline a teething puppy?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>How to Stop Your Puppy From Nipping<\/b><\/p>\n<li>Redirect, Redirect, Redirect.  <\/li>\n<li>Interrupt the Nipping.  <\/li>\n<li>Stop Play or Interaction.  <\/li>\n<li>Use Your Puppy Zone.  <\/li>\n<li>Provide Appropriate Chew Toys.  <\/li>\n<li>Make Sure Your Puppy Gets Lots of Mental Enrichment.  <\/li>\n<li>Teach Your Puppy Leave It and Drop It.  <\/li>\n<li>Don&#8217;t Yell or Hit Your Puppy.<\/li>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"At_what_age_are_puppies_the_naughtiest\"><\/span>At what age are puppies the naughtiest?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The truth is that it takes time, work and the active participation of everyone in the household to produce a friendly, well-mannered and hassle-free adult dog. Undesirable behaviours such as barking, chewing, counter surfing, house-soiling and jumping up commonly begin to occur at around <b>3-6 months of age<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_age_do_dogs_become_less_destructive\"><\/span>What age do dogs become less destructive?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>about 5-6 months<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"At_what_age_do_puppies_become_defiant\"><\/span>At what age do puppies become defiant?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Puberty (<b>6 to 9 months): Random defiance, running off for hours, ignoring direction: Don&#8217;t take any of your pup&#8217;s frustrating behavior personally. Your puppy must challenge you in order to grow up. Through this age-appropriate behavior, she&#8217;s challenging your authority to ensure that she can trust your judgment.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_long_will_my_puppy_be_teething\"><\/span>How long will my puppy be teething?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Puppy teething is intense, but <b>usually ends when adult teeth come in at six months. Relieve teething pain and redirect chewing by providing safe puppy chew toys.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_I_know_when_my_puppy_is_teething\"><\/span>How do I know when my puppy is teething?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Signs your puppy is teething<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Red, inflamed gums.<\/li>\n<li>Drooling and offensive breath.<\/li>\n<li>Increased chewing behaviour  chewing is the most obvious sign that your puppy is teething and you can help them by providing them with safe toys and discouraging biting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents What are the worst puppy teething months?What are the stages of puppy teething?What month do puppies teeth the most?How long does a puppy go through teething?How long does the teething stage last for puppies?Do puppies misbehave when teething?What age is a puppy most destructive?How long does the puppy teething stage last?What months&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"spay_email":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[622],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-187093","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pet-care"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/187093"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=187093"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/187093\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=187093"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=187093"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=187093"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}