{"id":142576,"date":"2022-07-11T15:27:07","date_gmt":"2022-07-11T15:27:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/"},"modified":"2022-07-11T15:27:07","modified_gmt":"2022-07-11T15:27:07","slug":"can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/","title":{"rendered":"Can cooked barley hurt dogs?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_17 counter-hierarchy counter-decimal ez-toc-grey\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><i class=\"ez-toc-glyphicon ez-toc-icon-toggle\"><\/i><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class=\"ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1\"><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#Can_cooked_barley_hurt_dogs\" title=\"Can cooked barley hurt dogs?\">Can cooked barley hurt dogs?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#Is_barley_or_rice_better_for_dogs\" title=\"Is barley or rice better for dogs?\">Is barley or rice better for dogs?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#Is_barley_hard_to_digest_for_dogs\" title=\"Is barley hard to digest for dogs?\">Is barley hard to digest for dogs?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#How_much_barley_can_I_give_my_dog\" title=\"How much barley can I give my dog?\">How much barley can I give my dog?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#Can_my_dog_eat_cooked_barley\" title=\"Can my dog eat cooked barley?\">Can my dog eat cooked barley?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#Is_barley_bad_for_dog\" title=\"Is barley bad for dog?\">Is barley bad for dog?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#Are_dogs_allergic_to_barley\" title=\"Are dogs allergic to barley?\">Are dogs allergic to barley?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#Is_barley_in_dog_food_good_for_dogs\" title=\"Is barley in dog food good for dogs?\">Is barley in dog food good for dogs?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#What_is_the_healthiest_grain_for_a_dog\" title=\"What is the healthiest grain for a dog?\">What is the healthiest grain for a dog?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#Whats_better_than_rice_for_dogs\" title=\"What&#8217;s better than rice for dogs?\">What&#8217;s better than rice for dogs?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#Is_barley_good_for_dogs_with_sensitive_stomachs\" title=\"Is barley good for dogs with sensitive stomachs?\">Is barley good for dogs with sensitive stomachs?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#Can_barley_upset_dogs_stomach\" title=\"Can barley upset dogs stomach?\">Can barley upset dogs stomach?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#Is_barley_easy_to_digest_for_dogs\" title=\"Is barley easy to digest for dogs?\">Is barley easy to digest for dogs?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#Is_barley_harmful_to_dogs\" title=\"Is barley harmful to dogs?\">Is barley harmful to dogs?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#How_much_barley_can_a_dog_eat\" title=\"How much barley can a dog eat?\">How much barley can a dog eat?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#Is_barley_safe_for_dogs_to_consume\" title=\"Is barley safe for dogs to consume?\">Is barley safe for dogs to consume?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#Can_I_feed_my_dog_cooked_barley\" title=\"Can I feed my dog cooked barley?\">Can I feed my dog cooked barley?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#Is_Pearl_barley_safe_for_dogs\" title=\"Is Pearl barley safe for dogs?\">Is Pearl barley safe for dogs?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#Is_barley_a_good_ingredient_in_dog_food\" title=\"Is barley a good ingredient in dog food?\">Is barley a good ingredient in dog food?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#How_do_I_know_if_my_dog_is_allergic_to_barley\" title=\"How do I know if my dog is allergic to barley?\">How do I know if my dog is allergic to barley?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#Is_barley_safe_for_dogs\" title=\"Is barley safe for dogs?\">Is barley safe for dogs?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#What_grains_are_dogs_most_allergic_to\" title=\"What grains are dogs most allergic to?\">What grains are dogs most allergic to?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#Is_barley_a_common_allergen_for_dogs\" title=\"Is barley a common allergen for dogs?\">Is barley a common allergen for dogs?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#Is_barley_better_than_rice_for_dogs\" title=\"Is barley better than rice for dogs?\">Is barley better than rice for dogs?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/can-cooked-barley-hurt-dogs\/#Should_dog_food_have_barley\" title=\"Should dog food have barley?\">Should dog food have barley?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_cooked_barley_hurt_dogs\"><\/span>Can cooked barley hurt dogs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Are rice and barley safe for dogs? <b>Yes, rice and barley are safe and approved ingredients found in commercial dog food.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_barley_or_rice_better_for_dogs\"><\/span>Is barley or rice better for dogs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Thats how nature is set up at this time. On the other hand, some plant material such as rice, soybean meal and corn have some, although limited, usefulness in the meat eaters diet. <b>Corn, wheat, soy, rice and barley are not bad or harmful to dogs and cats<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_barley_hard_to_digest_for_dogs\"><\/span>Is barley hard to digest for dogs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Barley is a common ingredient used in many modern-day dog food recipes. Its <b>easily digestible, so your dogs body doesnt have to work so hard to process the grain. Theres a good reason lots of recipes have included barley in their formulas.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_much_barley_can_I_give_my_dog\"><\/span>How much barley can I give my dog?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>To prepare, youll need to measure out two cups of cooked barley. You can cook it in water or broth and then add rice if desired. Cover with a lid and let simmer until tender (around 20 minutes). <b>For dogs over 50 pounds, use three cups instead of two<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_my_dog_eat_cooked_barley\"><\/span>Can my dog eat cooked barley?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Yes. <\/b><b>Barley is safe for dogs to eat. Its low in cholesterol and high in fiber, but it is a carbohydrate, which should not be the leading characteristic of your dogs diet. If your dog is getting plenty of meat-based protein, eating a little barley from time to time isnt a problem.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_barley_bad_for_dog\"><\/span>Is barley bad for dog?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Corn, wheat, soy, rice and barley are <b>not bad or harmful to dogs and cats. These plant sources are simply not good choices (we do get to choose what we feed our pets, dont we?) for the foundation of a diet to optimally nourish animals what are, have been, and for the foreseeable future will be meat eaters.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Are_dogs_allergic_to_barley\"><\/span>Are dogs allergic to barley?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Even though there is talk out there about grain-free food for dogs, <b>barley is not a known allergen for dogs. That being said, it does have gluten in it, just like wheat. If your dog has gluten sensitivity, dont let them eat barley.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_barley_in_dog_food_good_for_dogs\"><\/span>Is barley in dog food good for dogs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Barley is safe for dogs to eat. Its low in cholesterol and high in fiber, but it is a carbohydrate, which should not be the leading characteristic of your dogs diet. If your dog is getting plenty of meat-based protein, eating a little barley from time to time isnt a problem.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_healthiest_grain_for_a_dog\"><\/span>What is the healthiest grain for a dog?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>9 Best Grains For Dogs: Safe Grain-Inclusive Ingredients<\/b><\/p>\n<li>Whole Wheat. Wheat is a common primary ingredient in dry dog food formulas.  <\/li>\n<li>Brown Rice. Rice is a readily available grain that is rich in vitamins and minerals.  <\/li>\n<li>Barley.  <\/li>\n<li>Oats.  <\/li>\n<li>Millet.  <\/li>\n<li>Quinoa.  <\/li>\n<li>Sorghum.  <\/li>\n<li>Rye.<\/li>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Whats_better_than_rice_for_dogs\"><\/span>What&#8217;s better than rice for dogs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Foods that can be used as a substitute for rice include potatoes, sweet potatoes, tapioca, yams, amaranth, barley, buckwheat, bulgur, millet, whole grain oats, whole peas, quinoa, rye, taro, whole wheat and beans.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_barley_good_for_dogs_with_sensitive_stomachs\"><\/span>Is barley good for dogs with sensitive stomachs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Even though there is talk out there about grain-free food for dogs, barley is not a known allergen for dogs. That being said, it does have gluten in it, just like wheat. <b>If your dog has gluten sensitivity, dont let them eat barley<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_barley_upset_dogs_stomach\"><\/span>Can barley upset dogs stomach?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Dogs can eat barley in moderation and would need the same amount as they would other grains like rice or corn (one serving). Its important for dogs not to have too much barley because <b>it may cause gastrointestinal upset that includes vomiting and diarrhea<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_barley_easy_to_digest_for_dogs\"><\/span>Is barley easy to digest for dogs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Barley is a grain commonly seen on dog food labels. Barley is a carbohydrate that provides fiber content and <b>has a high rating of digestibility. Barley also has one of the lowest glycemic indexes of all cereal grains.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_barley_harmful_to_dogs\"><\/span>Is barley harmful to dogs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Even though there is talk out there about grain-free food for dogs, barley is not a known allergen for dogs. That being said, it does have gluten in it, just like wheat. <b>If your dog has gluten sensitivity, dont let them eat barley<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_much_barley_can_a_dog_eat\"><\/span>How much barley can a dog eat?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Its fine to see rice and barley on the list in moderate amounts. When feeding rice and barley as a treat, keep the rice and barley content to <b>less than 10% of your dogs weekly rations<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_barley_safe_for_dogs_to_consume\"><\/span>Is barley safe for dogs to consume?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Yes, dogs can eat a moderate amount of barley. In fact, barley is a common ingredient in dry dog food or kibble, second only to the meat protein source. You can also buy barley grass powder for dogs to supplement their diet and aid digestion.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_I_feed_my_dog_cooked_barley\"><\/span>Can I feed my dog cooked barley?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Its fine to see rice and barley on the list in moderate amounts. When feeding rice and barley as a treat, keep the rice and barley content to <b>less than 10% of your dogs weekly rations<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_Pearl_barley_safe_for_dogs\"><\/span>Is Pearl barley safe for dogs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>To prepare, youll need to measure out two cups of cooked barley. You can cook it in water or broth and then add rice if desired. Cover with a lid and let simmer until tender (around 20 minutes). <b>For dogs over 50 pounds, use three cups instead of two<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_barley_a_good_ingredient_in_dog_food\"><\/span>Is barley a good ingredient in dog food?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Yes, barley is safe for dogs to eat, but you should still watch how much they eat and how they are eating it. It is one of the common cereal grains, and a little barley might be good for dogs.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_I_know_if_my_dog_is_allergic_to_barley\"><\/span>How do I know if my dog is allergic to barley?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Symptoms of Grain Allergies in Dogs<\/b><\/p>\n<li>Itchy skin.<\/li>\n<li>Dry, flaky skin.<\/li>\n<li>Hair loss.<\/li>\n<li>Bumps\/rash.<\/li>\n<li>Chronic ear infections.<\/li>\n<li>Obsessive licking\/chewing of feet.<\/li>\n<li>Inflamed, red paw pads.<\/li>\n<li>Gastrointestinal upset.<\/li>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_barley_safe_for_dogs\"><\/span>Is barley safe for dogs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Yes, dogs can eat a moderate amount of barley. In fact, barley is a common ingredient in dry dog food or kibble, second only to the meat protein source. You can also buy barley grass powder for dogs to supplement their diet and aid digestion.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_grains_are_dogs_most_allergic_to\"><\/span>What grains are dogs most allergic to?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Myth: Dogs are typically allergic to corn, wheat, soy, and other plant-based ingredients. Truth: In a study of 278 cases of food allergies in dogs where the problem ingredient was clearly identified, <b>beef was by far the biggest culprit (95 cases). Dairy was number two at 55 cases. Wheat came in third with 42 cases.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_barley_a_common_allergen_for_dogs\"><\/span>Is barley a common allergen for dogs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Even though there is talk out there about grain-free food for dogs, <b>barley is not a known allergen for dogs. That being said, it does have gluten in it, just like wheat. If your dog has gluten sensitivity, dont let them eat barley.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_barley_better_than_rice_for_dogs\"><\/span>Is barley better than rice for dogs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>If your dog has a gluten intolerance (you may see signs of food sensitivity which can be itchy skin, vomiting, diarrhea, and more), <b>rice will be the winner over barley which does contain gluten. Barley is the winner when it comes to fiber.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Should_dog_food_have_barley\"><\/span>Should dog food have barley?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Yes, dogs can eat a moderate amount of barley. In fact, barley is a common ingredient in dry dog food or kibble, second only to the meat protein source. You can also buy barley grass powder for dogs to supplement their diet and aid digestion.<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents Can cooked barley hurt dogs?Is barley or rice better for dogs?Is barley hard to digest for dogs?How much barley can I give my dog?Can my dog eat cooked barley?Is barley bad for dog?Are dogs allergic to barley?Is barley in dog food good for dogs?What is the healthiest grain for a dog?What&#8217;s better&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"spay_email":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[622],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-142576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pet-care"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142576"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=142576"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142576\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=142576"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=142576"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=142576"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}