{"id":10706,"date":"2022-03-25T06:42:47","date_gmt":"2022-03-25T06:42:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/"},"modified":"2022-03-25T06:42:47","modified_gmt":"2022-03-25T06:42:47","slug":"what-is-the-safest-grass-killer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/","title":{"rendered":"What is the safest grass killer?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_17 counter-hierarchy counter-decimal ez-toc-grey\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><i class=\"ez-toc-glyphicon ez-toc-icon-toggle\"><\/i><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class=\"ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1\"><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#What_is_the_safest_grass_killer\" title=\"What is the safest grass killer?\">What is the safest grass killer?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#Is_there_a_safer_alternative_to_Roundup\" title=\"Is there a safer alternative to Roundup?\">Is there a safer alternative to Roundup?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#What_is_the_best_natural_grass_killer\" title=\"What is the best natural grass killer?\">What is the best natural grass killer?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#What_is_the_safest_herbicide_to_use\" title=\"What is the safest herbicide to use?\">What is the safest herbicide to use?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#What_is_the_best_grass_killer_on_the_market\" title=\"What is the best grass killer on the market?\">What is the best grass killer on the market?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#Is_spectracide_safer_than_Roundup\" title=\"Is spectracide safer than Roundup?\">Is spectracide safer than Roundup?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#What_can_I_use_instead_of_Roundup\" title=\"What can I use instead of Roundup?\">What can I use instead of Roundup?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#What_is_the_safest_weedkiller\" title=\"What is the safest weedkiller?\">What is the safest weedkiller?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#What_is_the_best_homemade_grass_killer\" title=\"What is the best homemade grass killer?\">What is the best homemade grass killer?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#How_do_I_permanently_kill_grass\" title=\"How do I permanently kill grass?\">How do I permanently kill grass?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#What_homemade_remedy_kills_grass\" title=\"What homemade remedy kills grass?\">What homemade remedy kills grass?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#Does_vinegar_kill_grass_forever\" title=\"Does vinegar kill grass forever?\">Does vinegar kill grass forever?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#Are_there_any_non_toxic_herbicides\" title=\"Are there any non toxic herbicides?\">Are there any non toxic herbicides?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#What_is_a_safer_alternative_to_Roundup\" title=\"What is a safer alternative to Roundup?\">What is a safer alternative to Roundup?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#How_do_you_kill_weeds_without_harmful_chemicals\" title=\"How do you kill weeds without harmful chemicals?\">How do you kill weeds without harmful chemicals?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#What_is_the_strongest_grass_killer_on_the_market\" title=\"What is the strongest grass killer on the market?\">What is the strongest grass killer on the market?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#What_kills_grass_and_weeds_permanently\" title=\"What kills grass and weeds permanently?\">What kills grass and weeds permanently?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#How_do_I_permanently_get_rid_of_grass\" title=\"How do I permanently get rid of grass?\">How do I permanently get rid of grass?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#What_do_professionals_use_to_kill_lawn_weeds\" title=\"What do professionals use to kill lawn weeds?\">What do professionals use to kill lawn weeds?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#Is_Spectracide_harmful_to_humans\" title=\"Is Spectracide harmful to humans?\">Is Spectracide harmful to humans?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#How_safe_is_Spectracide\" title=\"How safe is Spectracide?\">How safe is Spectracide?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#What_is_the_safest_herbicide\" title=\"What is the safest herbicide?\">What is the safest herbicide?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#What_can_I_use_instead_of_Roundup_to_kill_weeds\" title=\"What can I use instead of Roundup to kill weeds?\">What can I use instead of Roundup to kill weeds?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#Does_vinegar_work_as_well_as_Roundup\" title=\"Does vinegar work as well as Roundup?\">Does vinegar work as well as Roundup?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/what-is-the-safest-grass-killer\/#What_can_farmers_use_instead_of_Roundup\" title=\"What can farmers use instead of Roundup?\">What can farmers use instead of Roundup?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_safest_grass_killer\"><\/span>What is the safest grass killer?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Green Gobbler Vinegar Weed and Grass Killer<\/b> Containing 20-percent acetic acid, it&#8217;s safe to use anywhere. The product is four times stronger than traditional table vinegar, is void of VOCs or other harmful additives, and is made from ethanol distilled completely from corn grain.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_there_a_safer_alternative_to_Roundup\"><\/span>Is there a safer alternative to Roundup?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Yes, there are safe Roundup alternatives used by the agricultural community, farmers, and gardeners that fall into six categories: natural acids, herbicidal soaps, salt-based herbicides, iron-based herbicides, corn gluten, and phytotoxic oils.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_best_natural_grass_killer\"><\/span>What is the best natural grass killer?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>When looking for a natural alternative to herbicides, <b>a cocktail of vinegar, salt and liquid dish soap has all of the ingredients needed to quickly kill weeds. Acetic acid in the vinegar and the salt are both very good at drawing moisture from weeds.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_safest_herbicide_to_use\"><\/span>What is the safest herbicide to use?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Yes, there are safe Roundup alternatives used by the agricultural community, farmers, and gardeners that fall into six categories: natural acids, herbicidal soaps, salt-based herbicides, iron-based herbicides, corn gluten, and phytotoxic oils.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_best_grass_killer_on_the_market\"><\/span>What is the best grass killer on the market?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Roundupxae is touted as a safe, environmentally friendly and easy to use herbicide.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_spectracide_safer_than_Roundup\"><\/span>Is spectracide safer than Roundup?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>8 Best Weed Killers of 2022<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Best Overall Weed Killer: Green Gobbler Vinegar Weed Killer.<\/li>\n<li>Best Weed Killer for Lawns: Walensee Weed Puller.<\/li>\n<li>Best Weed Killer for Flower Beds: Ortho GroundClear Weed and Grass Killer.<\/li>\n<li>Best Natural Weed Killer: Eco Garden Pro Weed and Grass Killer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_can_I_use_instead_of_Roundup\"><\/span>What can I use instead of Roundup?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Six Types of Alternative Herbicides to Roundup<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Natural Acids (vinegar, and\/or citric acids)<\/li>\n<li>Herbicidal Soaps.<\/li>\n<li>Iron-Based Herbicides.<\/li>\n<li>Salt-Based Herbicides.<\/li>\n<li>Phytotoxic Oils (Essential oils such as clove, peppermint, pine, or citronella.)<\/li>\n<li>Corn Gluten.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>19 Apr 2016<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_safest_weedkiller\"><\/span>What is the safest weedkiller?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Green Gobbler Vinegar Weed and Grass Killer<\/b> In less than 24 hours, you can eliminate any type of weed with the Green Gobbler Vinegar Weed Killer. Containing 20-percent acetic acid, it&#8217;s safe to use anywhere.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_best_homemade_grass_killer\"><\/span>What is the best homemade grass killer?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The most effective homemade option is <b>a mixture of white vinegar, salt, and liquid dish soap. Each of these ingredients has special properties that combine to kill weeds. Both the salt and the vinegar contain acetic acid, which serves to dry out and kill the plants.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_I_permanently_kill_grass\"><\/span>How do I permanently kill grass?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Permanent Weed and Grass Killer Spray <b>A non-selective weed killer, such as Roundup, is a great option for killing weeds and grass permanently. The Glyphosate in Roundup works by infiltrating the plant through the leaves. From there, it attacks all plant systems and kills them completely, including the roots.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_homemade_remedy_kills_grass\"><\/span>What homemade remedy kills grass?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A simple, homemade <b>vinegar spray is the answer to grass growing in the sidewalk, driveway or other locations. When applying the mixture on sunny days, it can kill the grass within hours. Applying it regularly, as soon as a green blade peeks out, will keep your hardscape grass-free.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Does_vinegar_kill_grass_forever\"><\/span>Does vinegar kill grass forever?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Yes, vinegar does kill weeds permanently! But not always, especially if the plant has a strong established root system. Using vinegar to kill weeds is a natural and effective way to get rid of weeds from your lawn or garden without so much manual labor or the use of weed pulling tools.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Are_there_any_non_toxic_herbicides\"><\/span>Are there any non toxic herbicides?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Herbicidal soaps are least-toxic postemergent herbicides. These products contain fatty acid salts which break down into carbon dioxide and water. They are most effective on annual weeds because they disrupt the cell membranes only killing the tissue that they contact.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_safer_alternative_to_Roundup\"><\/span>What is a safer alternative to Roundup?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Combining salt with vinegar will make your alternative to Roundup extra strength. Oil or Soap  Oil will break down any coating or other natural barriers that many weeds produce to protect their leaves. By using oil or soap in your mixture, you give the vinegar and salt a greater chance to penetrate the weed.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_you_kill_weeds_without_harmful_chemicals\"><\/span>How do you kill weeds without harmful chemicals?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Salt, Vinegar and Dish Soap<\/b> One of the most effective natural weed control methods is a mixture of white vinegar, salt, and liquid dish soap. You can also use apple cider vinegar, if it&#8217;s all you have on hand.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_strongest_grass_killer_on_the_market\"><\/span>What is the strongest grass killer on the market?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The worlds most popular is also the world strongest weed killer. The winner is <b>Glyphosate<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_kills_grass_and_weeds_permanently\"><\/span>What kills grass and weeds permanently?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Permanent Weed and Grass Killer Spray <b>A non-selective weed killer, such as Roundup, is a great option for killing weeds and grass permanently. The Glyphosate in Roundup works by infiltrating the plant through the leaves. From there, it attacks all plant systems and kills them completely, including the roots.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_I_permanently_get_rid_of_grass\"><\/span>How do I permanently get rid of grass?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Cut the grass to a short length and then cover the area with plastic or glass. Black plastic works best but you can also use clear plastic. Hold the plastic down with rocks, soil staples, boards or whatever you have handy. It can take a few weeks to a month to kill the roots completely.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_do_professionals_use_to_kill_lawn_weeds\"><\/span>What do professionals use to kill lawn weeds?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>About <b>Glyphosate<\/b> One of the most popular chemicals for post-emergent weed control is glyphosate. It is a general purpose weed killer that is used frequently and available in many forms. If you&#8217;re wondering what do lawn companies use to kill weeds  well this is probably it.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_Spectracide_harmful_to_humans\"><\/span>Is Spectracide harmful to humans?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Spectracide Triazicide Once  Done Insect Killer Concentrate is <b>safe for humans if applied as directed on the label. Only the applicator (w\/protective gear) should be present during the application. Everyone can return to the area after it has completely dried.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_safe_is_Spectracide\"><\/span>How safe is Spectracide?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Is Spectracide Harmful To Humans? According to the Washington Toxics Coalition, <b>most Spectracide products can be harmful to humans. They have a low to moderate level toxicity rating. This means that you should take caution when using the product, as it can irritate your skin and eyes.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_safest_herbicide\"><\/span>What is the safest herbicide?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Yes, there are safe Roundup alternatives used by the agricultural community, farmers, and gardeners that fall into six categories: natural acids, herbicidal soaps, salt-based herbicides, iron-based herbicides, corn gluten, and phytotoxic oils.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_can_I_use_instead_of_Roundup_to_kill_weeds\"><\/span>What can I use instead of Roundup to kill weeds?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Vinegar. Spraying a little white vinegar onto the leaves of weeds can keep them under control as well. Grocery store vinegar will do, but more acidic vinegar is also available at your local home and garden store. You can also combine a little rock salt with the white vinegar for added weed-killing power.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Does_vinegar_work_as_well_as_Roundup\"><\/span>Does vinegar work as well as Roundup?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>When equal amounts were given orally and compared, it took less acetic acid to kill rats in the laboratory test that it did glyphosate. <b>The acetic acid in even household vinegar was MORE toxic than Roundup!<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_can_farmers_use_instead_of_Roundup\"><\/span>What can farmers use instead of Roundup?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Several other non-selective herbicides are available for use in landscape plantings. These include: <b>Diquat (Reward), pelargonic acid (Scythe), glufosinate (Finale and others), and many natural products such as vinegar and botanical oils<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents What is the safest grass killer?Is there a safer alternative to Roundup?What is the best natural grass killer?What is the safest herbicide to use?What is the best grass killer on the market?Is spectracide safer than Roundup?What can I use instead of Roundup?What is the safest weedkiller?What is the best homemade grass killer?How&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"spay_email":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10706"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10706"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10706\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10706"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10706"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/animalshelterz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10706"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}